Comparing Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 and Influenza-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in patients with COVID-19 and Influenza, with only small number of studies comparing these two viral illnesses in the setting of ARDS. Given the pathogenic differences in the two viruses, this study shows trends in national hospitalization and outcomes associated with COVID-19- and Influenza-related ARDS. To evaluate and compare the risk factors and rates of the adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 associated ARDS (C-ARDS) relative to Influenza-related ARDS (I-ARDS), we utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2020. Our sample includes 106,720 patients hospitalized with either C-ARDS or I-ARDS between January and December 2020, of which 103,845 (97.3%) had C-ARDS and 2875 (2.7%) had I-ARDS. Propensity-matched analysis demonstrated a significantly higher in-hospital mortality (aOR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-4.2, p < 0.001), longer mean length of stay (18.7 days vs. 14.5 days, p < 0.001), higher likelihood of requiring vasopressors (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 2.5-4.2) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-2.1) in C-ARDS patients. Our study shows that COVID-19-related ARDS patients had a higher rate of complications, including higher in-hospital mortality and a higher need for vasopressors and invasive mechanical ventilation relative to Influenza-related ARDS; however, it also showed an increased utilization of mechanical circulatory support and non-invasive ventilation in Influenza-related ARDS. It emphasizes the need for early detection and management of COVID-19.

Cultural intelligence and innovative work behavior: examining multiple mediation paths in the healthcare sector in India

Purpose>The purpose of this study is to look at numerous mediating factors that influence innovative work behavior through cultural intelligence (CQ). The author specifically examines affective commitment, interpersonal trust and psychological well-being as three mediating pathways through which CQ predicts innovative work behavior (IWB).Design/methodology/approach>Data was collected from 355 employees working in the health-care sector of India through convenience sampling.Findings>Affective commitment, interpersonal trust and psychological well-being mediated the relationship between CQ and innovative work behavior. In addition, CQ positively relates to affective commitment (AC), interpersonal trust and psychological well-being and IWB.Practical implications>Managers and human resource (HR) professionals can potentially stimulate employee innovation by developing cultural awareness programs for their employees. An organization must seek to provide a sense of attachment, a trustworthy environment and a favorable perception of psychological well-being to its employees. This could stimulate innovation in the health-care sector.Originality/value>Although understanding the mechanism or processes by which CQ supports IWB is critical, research in this area is limited. This study theorizes and empirically examines affective commitment, interpersonal trust and psychological well-being as novel mechanisms through which CQ promotes innovative behavior in health-care organizations. Furthermore, the author presume that the intervening mediators guide the direction of social exchange.